Multidimensional Assessment of Student Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Latent Profile Analysis Integrating Positive Psychology

Abstract

Background: The mental health of young adults, especially university students, has become an increasingly concerning issue. In order to develop targeted interventions and support initiatives, it is essential to comprehend distinct mental health profiles and identify vulnerable groups among Tunisian university students. This study aimed to achieve three main objectives: (a) to empirically identify different profiles of mental health among young adults in Tunisia, based on a person-centred approach using the dual-factor model of mental health, (b) to outline the identified profiles, which incorporate both psychopathological symptoms and indicators of positive subjective well-being, across sociodemographic and academic achievement factors, and (c) to establish predictors of these profiles.
Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from a cohort of teenage Tunisian university students (n = 1185, 54% females), aged between 18 to 24 years old (Mean = 21.10; SD = 2.02). Participants completed an online survey, which included assessments of socio-demographic characteristics, academic achievement, stress, depression, anxiety, spiritual well-being, life satisfaction, and happiness.
Results: Analysis of latent profiles revealed the existence of three distinct mental health classes. The first profile (21.1%) represented individuals with poor mental health. The second profile (42.5%) consisted of individuals with moderate mental health, and the third profile (36.4%) comprised individuals with good mental health. Significant differences were found between these three classes regarding family income and academic completion (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Multinomial logistic regression analysis provided Odds Ratios (OR) with Confidence Intervals (CI), revealing that the poor mental health class was associated with low family income (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.90–5.63) and failed academic achievement (OR: 46; 68% CI: 28.23–77.20). Additionally, the moderate mental health class was linked to low family income (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.30–2.72), living with family (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49–0.99), and failed academic achievement (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.06–2.11). However, no significant associations were found for middle family income (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.93–1.74) and dwelling in university residence (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.60–1.10) as predictors.
Conclusion: This study revealed that a considerable number of university students aged 18 to 24 were vulnerable to mental health issues, irrespective of gender and age. However, students belonging to classes with low incomes and those who did not pass exams were identified as the most vulnerable groups. It is crucial to pay particular attention to these students and provide appropriate support and interventions.