Evaluating the Applicability and Appropriateness of ChatGPT as a Source for Tailored Nutrition Advice: A Multi-Scenario Study

Authors

  • Ismail Dergaa Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar;Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia;Department of Human and Social Sciences, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-1856
  • Helmi Ben Saad University of Sousse, Farhat Hached hospital, Service of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Sousse, Tunisia;University of Sousse, Farhat Hached hospital, Research Laboratory LR12SP09 “Heart Failure”,Sousse, Tunisia;University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Laboratory of Physiology, Sousse, Tunisia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7477-2965
  • Hatem Ghouili Department of Human and Social Sciences, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9558-5448
  • Jordan M Glenn Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2563-4291
  • Abdelfatteh El Omri Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4112-7924
  • Ines Slim University of Sousse, Farhat Hached hospital, Service of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Sousse, Tunisia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-0563
  • Yosra Hasni University of Sousse, Farhat Hached hospital, Service of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Sousse, Tunisia;University Hospital, Sousse, Faculty of Medicine “Ibn Jazzar”, University of Sousse, Tunisia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-7050
  • Morteza Taheri Institute of Future Studies, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8031-3792
  • Mohamed Ben Aissa Department of Human and Social Sciences, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia; Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7694-1059
  • Noomen Guelmami Department of Human and Social Sciences, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia;Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4959-9726
  • Ramzi Al-Horani Department of Exercise science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-816X
  • Jad Adrian Washif Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8543-4489
  • Sheikh Shoib Department of Health Services, Srinagar, 190001 India;Sharda University, Greater Noida, India (SSh) ;Psychosis Research Centre University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3739-706X
  • Osamah Mohammed Alyasiri Karbala Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Karbala, 56001, Iraq; School of Computer Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-2443
  • Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos Canadian University Dubai, Dubai, UAE Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-5974
  • Régina Ferreira Alves Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC), Institute of Education, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-5487
  • Halil Ibrahim Ceylan Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5511
  • Sarya Swed Atatürk University Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Erzurum, Türkiye Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9983-2020
  • Najim Z Alshahrani Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-004X
  • Nasr Chalghaf High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7693-0234
  • Haijiang Dai Department of Cardiology, Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-8000
  • Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Human Nutrition Unit (HNU), Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-868X
  • Karim Chamari Higher institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9178-7678

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.najm.2.1.1

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Chatbot, Health Information Systems, Nutrition Therapy, Tailored Medicine, Virtual Health

Abstract

Background: In the rapidly evolving domain of healthcare technology, the integration of advanced computational models has opened up new possibilities for personalized nutrition guidance. The emergence of sophisticated language models, such as Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT), offers potential in providing interactive and tailored dietary advice. However, concerns remain about the applicability and appropriateness of ChatGPT's recommendations, especially for those with distinct health conditions.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of ChatGPT as a source of nutritional advice.

Methods: Three hypothetical scenarios representing various health conditions were presented alongside precise dietary requirements. ChatGPT was tasked to generate personalized dietary programs, encompassing meal timing, specific caloric portions (measured in grams and spoons), as well as alternative meal options for each scenario. Following this, ChatGPT’s generated dietary programs underwent a thorough review by a multidisciplinary team of nutritionist, specialist physicians and clinical researchers. The evaluation focused on the programs' suitability, alignment with dietary standards, consideration of individual health factors, and additional guidance Safety.

Results: ChatGPT demonstrated its ability to generate various options of meal plans in accordance with basic nutrition principles. However, there are apparent issues with the recommended individual macronutrient distribution, handling health conditions, drug interactions, and setting realistic weight loss goals.

Conclusions: While ChatGPT exhibits promise as a dietary program generator, its application for intervention should be restricted to certified nutrition professionals. Until July 2023, it is not advisable for patients to engage in self-prescription using ChatGPT version 3.5, owing to its inability to provide professional knowledge and acceptable guidance, particularly for individuals with co-existing conditions. The prevailing absence of clinical reasoning highlights the importance of employing ChatGPT solely as a tool, rather than relying on it as an autonomous decision-maker. Its lack of clinical reasoning highlighted the need for human intervention and expert collaboration for precise personalized evaluations.

Graphical Abstract

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Published

2024-01-25

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Serial Number 3

Section

Original Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Ismail Dergaa, Helmi Ben Saad, Hatem Ghouili, Jordan M Glenn, Abdelfatteh El Omri, Ines Slim, Yosra Hasni, Morteza Taheri, Mohamed Ben Aissa, Noomen Guelmami, Ramzi Al-Horani, Jad Adrian Washif, Sheikh Shoib, Osamah Mohammed Alyasiri, Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Régina Ferreira Alves, Halil Ibrahim Ceylan, Sarya Swed, Najim Z Alshahrani, Nasr Chalghaf, Haijiang Dai, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Karim Chamari (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Dergaa, I. ., Ben Saad, H. ., Ghouili, H., M Glenn, J. ., El Omri, A. ., Slim, I. ., Hasni, Y. ., Taheri, M. ., Ben Aissa, M. ., Guelmami, N. ., Al-Horani, R., Washif, J. A. ., Shoib, S. ., Mohammed Alyasiri, O. ., Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos, L. ., Ferreira Alves, R. ., Ibrahim Ceylan, H. ., Swed, S. ., Z Alshahrani, N. ., … Chamari, K. . (2024). Evaluating the Applicability and Appropriateness of ChatGPT as a Source for Tailored Nutrition Advice: A Multi-Scenario Study. New Asian Journal of Medicine, 2(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.najm.2.1.1
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